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11.1 The Structure Plan sets out long term strategic planning policy
for Kent and Medway. If it is to be successful it needs to be implemented
effectively through a wide range of mechanisms and organisations
across the public, private, and voluntary sectors.
11.2 The Plan seeks to improve the economic, social and environmental
well being of Kent, principally by guiding the scale, general location
and phasing of development. To be most effective, it needs to be
translated quickly and efficiently into Local Development Documents.
Although local planning authorities will lead this process it will
be important for them to consult a wide cross section of stakeholders,
including local communities.
11.3 Local Plan/Local Development Documents and decisions upon
individual planning applications should be consistent with policies
in the Structure Plan. This ensures that the Structure Plan is made
effective through the day to day policy and development control
work of District Councils and the Medway Unitary Authority.
11.4 The private sector will play a major role in implementing
the Plan, both by bringing development forward and in managing Kent’s
land resource. Much of what is currently cherished about the county’s
countryside has been preserved over the years by the stewardship
of the farming community and land-based industries.
11.5 Implementing the Structure Plan will require wide partnership
and support. The Local Authorities in Kent will work closely with
partners to achieve the objectives of the plan.
11.6 The Structure Plan is strongly linked to other areas of policy.
It is an important tool for delivering the Community Strategies
produced by Local Strategic Partnerships across Kent. It informs
and responds to other policy frameworks. Local Transport Plans for
Kent and Medway will translate the transport policies and proposals
of the Structure Plan into rolling five-year plans for tackling
transport issues. Public sector policy making which affects areas
such as the environment, health, education and community services
must be consistent with the Structure Plan because of the potential
impact they have on the location and accessibility of services and
the demands placed upon the transport network.
11.7 The Structure Plan is part of a wider family of policy and
implementation documents which includes community strategies, investment
programmes, government plans (including legislation) and those of
private sector agencies.
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11.8 Supplementary planning guidance (SPG) brought forward in conjunction
with this Plan will also play a part in implementing its objectives.
SPG will help to articulate the objectives of the Plan in more detail.
Specific supplementary guidance supports policies of this Plan relating
to archaeological heritage (Policy QL8), landscape and countryside
character (Policy E3), biodiversity (Policy E8) and parking standards
(Policy TP19). Other established guidance e.g. the Kent Design Guide,
supports the aims and objectives of the Plan’s policy approach
to design (Policies SP1 and QL1).
11.9 Since the Structure Plan is a policy rather than a programming
document, it has no resources of its own. It is a strategic planning
tool which belongs to the organisations and communities of Kent.
The resources needed to see it implemented will come from a variety
of sources and will be considerable. It will include funding from
Government agencies and investment generated by public and private
sector development. Some development will be speculative but other
projects will be associated with organisations wanting to locate
in Kent.
11.10 Kent needs to play a full part in contributing to the economic
prosperity of the nation and region but the needs of the area should
be fully recognised in wider strategies and funding programmes.
To manage change effectively and to address economic disparities
across the county will need sufficient resources from central Government,
its agencies and others. Timely investment in transport and community
infrastructure is particularly important. Those parts of the county
where property and investment markets are weak, such as the Priority
Areas for Regeneration in North and East Kent or where accelerated
growth is intended (Ashford) are particularly in need of additional
funding if the key objectives of the Structure Plan and Government
are to be delivered.
11.11 There will need to be significant shifts in key areas of
investment by both the public and private sectors in order to effect
the changes and priorities set out in this strategy. These will
be particularly important in respect of:
Investing in high quality development and design
Fostering sustainable access to jobs and services
Securing provision of high quality public services
Providing for mixed use development
Conserving and enhancing landscape character and biodiversity
11.12 A number of agencies lead on a variety of programmes, which
will assist in delivering this Plan. These will inevitably change
over time. Current examples include the Highways Agency’s
Targeted Programme of Improvements, SEEDA’s Area Investment
Frameworks and the Housing Corporation’s Approved Development
Programme.
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11.13 One of the keys to improving well being in Kent will be to
ensure that economic or housing development is supported with the
necessary physical and social infrastructure such as schools, transport,
health and recreation facilities and open space. While the Structure
Plan seeks to make the best use of available infrastructure and
facilities, the overall strategy will require the funding and provision
of additional infrastructure which must be addressed before development
can proceed. The local authorities will work with service providers
and regeneration agencies to establish what new community services
are required, particularly in areas undergoing major change and
renewal.
11.14 The demand for new services cannot necessarily be met from
the tightly constrained budgets of local authorities and other agencies.
The costs should normally be borne by the development unless there
are exceptional circumstances why this should not be the case and
alternative funding is available. Developers may also be asked to
make a contribution to affordable housing, including social and
key worker housing, where there is a clearly identified community
need for it (see Chapter 7 Housing Provision).
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11.15 Kent local authorities have put in place detailed guidelines
for negotiating development contributions to the cost of community
facilities25. Contributions for educational facilities, affordable
housing, highways and public transport are the most common. The
size of contributions and the way they are used must have regard
to local priorities and take into account evidence of exceptional
costs incurred in developing sites particularly where previously
developed land is involved. Cost-effective solutions such as the
shared use of buildings will be encouraged. Ongoing management and
maintenance of facilities and infrastructure must also be considered.
The rapid pace of development envisaged for the growth areas presents
particular challenges in ensuring that the supporting infrastructure
is brought forward in a timely way. Masterplanning and the proactive
use of Development Briefs have an important role to play in identifying
infrastructure needs and the balance of uses appropriate to a particular
locality.
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Policy IMP 1:
The local planning authorities will require contributions
from developments to meet the costs of providing community,
transport and other infrastructure necessary to serve development.
Such contributions will be agreed before planning permission
is granted and the facilities and/or services will be provided
in accordance with an agreed phasing programme and, where
appropriate, ongoing management and/or maintenance arrangements.
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From Vision to Policy
Measuring Progress & Monitoring Effectiveness
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Chapter 10
Appendix 1
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11.16 The Plan contains the aims, objectives and vision for land
use planning in Kent and Medway. Policies provide the direction
development should take to help realise that vision. An assessment
of the way in which the Key Themes and Core Principles, set out
in Chapter One, is carried into policies is set out in Table IMP1,
From Vision to Policy. It demonstrates the strong relationship between
the objectives of the Plan and the policies it contains.
11.17 Any framework for reaching judgements on the effectiveness
of the Structure Plan needs
to be straightforward. Several questions need to be addressed.
- What to monitor? Local planning authorities are required
to keep under review certain factors in their area. These include
population dynamics (the size, composition and distribution of
population), physical and economic characteristics and the communications,
transport system and traffic conditions within the area. Progress
towards the main targets of the Structure Plan will need to be
measured.
- How to monitor? Assessing local plan and Local Development
Document proposals, analysing planning decisions and the implementation
of development. Undertaking surveys to identify change and by
establishing base data against which to assess the level of change.
Monitoring needs to link policies and plan targets.
- What to do with the data? Bulletins and monitoring papers
will be published. They need to be informative, timely and contribute
to the decision making process so that informed decisions can
be made about policy reviews and development plans in general.
Evaluation needs to inform plan reviews.
- Who might also be interested in monitoring? Local Planning
Authorities will be interested in information that will help them
to prepare Local Development Documents. Local Strategic Partnerships
will be able to use information in preparing and reviewing community
strategies. The success of Structure Plan policies will also be
important in monitoring the progress of regional planning guidance
(RPG9) and other regional strategies.
11.18 Regular monitoring of the Plan will ensure that local authorities
in Kent and others can respond in an informed way to changing economic,
social and environmental circumstances.
11.19 Table IMP2 Measuring Progress outlines the proposals for monitoring
the plan. These will be subject to further detailing and refinement.
Drawing upon the Core Principles of the Plan (Chapter 1) it establishes:
- Issues of Strategic Importance for Monitoring
- Draft Performance Indicators
- Headline targets for the Structure Plan and related Contextual
Targets
The Structure Plan targets have been selected to focus on the land
use planning issues upon which the Structure Plan has significant
influence. A number of wider contextual targets, drawn from related
plans and strategies have also been identified. For these the Structure
Plan is but one of a number of influences on the outcome.
11.20 The headline targets have been drawn either directly from
policies in the Plan or derived from their policy objectives. In
due course a more detailed technical paper will be produced to amplify
the assessment of these targets.
11.21 Regular reviews of progress towards achieving the headline
and the relevant contextual targets will be produced, supplemented
with more detailed reports on particular themes where these are
considered necessary.
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From Vision to Policy
Measuring Progress & Monitoring Effectiveness
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Chapter 10
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This table relates the Key Themes and Core Principles contained
within Chapter One to the specific policies developed within the
succeeding chapters.
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Nurturiung Kent & Medway's Environment
& Resources
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Protecting the countryside, minimising greenfield development
and making the most of opportunities for the re-use of previously
developed land especially within existing towns and other
substantial communities.
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SP1, SS3, SS8, SS10, HP3,HP4, HP6, FP2, E1-8, QL5
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Anticipating and reducing the impact of future climate change
including stronger protection and management of areas of potential
flood risk, reducing demand for energy and moving towards
renewable energy sources.
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SP1, NR1-3, NR9-10
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Protecting and enhancing Kent’s land, air and water
environments.
Ensuring that development does not create unacceptable levels
of pollution and that development that would be sensitive
to pollution is protected from it.
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SP1, NR4 –NR8,TP24
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Protecting high quality agricultural land.
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FP8
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Conserving and enhancing Kent’s natural habitats and
biodiversity.
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SP1, E1-E3, E6-E11
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Promoting sensitive and comprehensive approaches to the assessment
and protection of the countryside, that reflect its character
and biodiversity as well as its natural beauty.
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E1-E5,E8
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Conserving and enhancing Kent’s historic environment.
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SP1, QL7-11
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Using and managing water and other natural resources wisely,
including safeguarding of viable mineral reserves from sterilisation.
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SP1,NR7,NR8,M12
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Reducing disposable waste to a minimum and disposing of it
in a way that achieves maximum benefits from recycling and
reduces harmful impacts on the environment.
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WM1-7
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Taking care in the way that the natural environment is used
to provide leisure, recreational, cultural and educational
opportunities for local communities.
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Ql6-QL19, E10-E12
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Fostering Prosperity and Well Being
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Increasing economic opportunity and reducing economic disparities
within Kent by working towards regeneration and improved economic
performance in North Kent, the coastal towns of East Kent
and the former East Kent coalfield.
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SS1-2, NK1-NK3, EK1, EK2, EK3, CC3, FP1, FP3
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Pursuing targeted economic development, including support
for high value added activities and skills development, business
clusters and knowledge based industries to boost the competitiveness
of the Kent economy and existing businesses.
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FP1, FP3, FP4
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Securing employment led growth and development, especially
within the areas in North and East Kent which require regeneration.
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SS1, FP1, FP3, FP4
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Helping existing businesses to grow and provide new jobs
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FP3, FP4, FP5
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Providing for sustainable growth in the economically successful
parts of Kent, whilst addressing the pockets of deprivation
which occur within them.
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SS1, WK1, WK2, WK3, WK4, CC2
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Sustaining and improving the economic health and vitality
of Kent’s rural communities and helping the rural economy
to diversify.
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SS6, SS7, FP5 - FP7
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Making the most of the role of Thames Gateway as a national
and regional priority for economic growth, regeneration and
infrastructure investment and recognising, in this respect,
the pivotal role of the main urban areas of North Kent and
Medway.
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SS1-SS3, NK1-3 FP1, FP3, FP4, HP1
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Promoting Ashford as a regional growth point whilst ensuring
that the economy of East Kent, in particular, also benefits
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SS1, SS2, CC1, FP1, FP3, HP1
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Promoting sustainable tourism which capitalises on Kent and
Medway’s assets.
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FP9-12
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Securing Quality , Investment and
Infrastructure in Regeneration and Development
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Providing attractive new communities which are safe, secure
and convenient places in which to live and work and which
encourage a sense of place and local distinctiveness
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SP1, SS5, QL1-3, QL12-14, QL18, IMP1
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Regenerating and revitalising Kent’s principal urban
areas through neighbourhood renewal, redevelopment and improving
key inner urban locations.
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SS1-5, FP13-15, FP18, HP3, HP5,
HP7-8, QL1-QL6, QL12-14, IMP1
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Balancing the provision of homes, jobs, infrastructure and
community services and making sure they are provided at the
right time. Ensuring development brings with it improvements
in services and infrastructure.
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SP1, SS2, HP1, QL12-13, IMP1
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Promoting and investing in efficient transport that will
serve future needs, tackle congestion, avoid unacceptable
environmental damage and make best use of existing road and
rail infrastructure.
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SP1, TP1-26
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Insisting on high quality design that uses land, water, energy
and other resources more efficiently and provides for changing
lifestyles and preferences.
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SP1, QL1, QL2
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Maintaining the character and separation of settlements through
retention of the Green Belt and definition of strategic gaps.
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SS8-10, QL1, QL4
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Enhancing choice, opportunity and
accessibility
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Ensuring that planning policies and practice in Kent and
Medway promote social independence and take into account the
needs of all sections of the community.
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SP1, SS1, SS4, SS5, SS6, QL1-3, QL12-19, FP1-7, FP13-18,
HP1-10, TP1-2, TP8-10 IMP1
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Providing sufficient housing of a suitable range, quality
and diversity for people in Kent and Medway.
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SP1, HP1, HP7, HP8, HP9, HP10
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Concentrating development at the principal urban areas that
are the major focal points for employment, public services
and transport facilities.
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SS2, SS3 , FP14-17
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Promoting more mixed use developments of the right pattern
and density that uses land efficiently, increases accessibility,
reduces the need to travel, particularly by car, and is planned
to meet social, cultural and economic needs.
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SS4, FP14, QL5
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Ensuring that decisions on development and transport make
it easy for people to reach local services and jobs and provide
a choice of transport for people and goods.
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SP1, SS2,SS3 SS6, FP2 ,FP9, FP14, HP4, HP5 ,TP1, TP2, TP8-10
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Ensuring that access to all buildings , transport and services
is improved for everyone while avoiding undue impact on buildings
of important heritage value.
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SP1, TP1, TP8
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From Vision to Policy
Measuring Progress & Monitoring Effectiveness
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Chapter 10
Appendix 1
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This table outlines the main peformance indicators and headline
targets for the Structure Plan and other contextual targets.
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[Related Contectual Target]
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Protecting the countryside, minimising greenfield development
and making the most of opportunities for re-using previously
developed land especially within existing towns and
other substantial communities.
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SS3; HP3
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Proportion of strategic housing provision located on
previously developed land.
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70% of planned provision so located in Kent and
Medway as a whole.
Individual, District based ,targets within a range
of 30% -95%.
[PPG3 – By 2008 60% of new housing development
to be on previously developed land or through the conversion/re-use
of buildings]
[RPG9 – at least 60% of all development to be
on previously developed land]
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Coverage of up to date urban capacity studies prepared
in accordance with Kent protocol
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Completion of detailed urban capacity studies for
major/principal urban areas, rural service centres and
other key settlements by mid 2004. Regular monitoring
and reviews to be undertaken.
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QL5
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Net density of completed housing development (previously
developed land and greenfield land)
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Average net density of new housing development to
be 30+ dwellings per hectare.
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QL5
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Increasing proportion of housing development in
the central parts of the major/principal urban areas
or close to major public transport nodes to reflect
an average net density of 50 dwellings per hectare.
[PPG3 – Encourage housing developments between
30 and 50 dwellings per hectare (net). Avoid developments
of less than 30 dwellings per hectare.]
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SS8, SS10, WK1
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Land within the Metropolitan Green Belt or Strategic
Gaps lost to built development.
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No net loss of undeveloped land to newly committed
built development within the MGB or designated strategic
gaps
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Maintaining the character and separation of settlements
through retention of the Green Belt and definition of
strategic gaps
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E4, E5
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Areas of land of national or strategic landscape importance
lost or damaged as a resu;t ofdevelopment
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No net loss of land within, or damage to, the natural
beauty of areas of national or strategic landscape importance
as a result of commitments to development.
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E6, E7
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Areas of land within sites of international, national
or county wildlife importance lost or damaged as a result
of development
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No net loss of, or damage to, Sites of Special Scientific
Interest or other sensitive habitats e.g. County Wildlife
Sites through development.
[RPG9- No net loss of ,or damage to, sites of international
, national or strategic importance through development]
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E1
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Extent of greenfield land in the countryside newly
committed to built development.
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To minimise the call upon other greenfield land in
the countryside to meet the development requirements
of the Structure Plan.
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Anticipating and reducing the impact of future climate
change including stronger protection and management
of areas of potential flood risk, reducing demand for
energy and moving towards renewable energy sources
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NR9
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Undeveloped land within areas identified as being at
high risk from flooding newly committed to development
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No development allocations or planning permissions
on previously undeveloped land within flood plains unless
in accordance with the sequential test criteria of PPG25.
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NR2
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Capacity of operational sources of renewable energy
in Kent
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Target:
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111MW by 2010
154MW by 2016
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[SEERA : Proposed RPG9 Alterations : Energy Efficiency
& Renewable Energy as above]
[DTI Energy White Paper – 20% of electricity
to be secured from renewable energy sources by 2020]
Increase site specific provision in local plans/LDDs
for renewable energy facilities.
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SP1,NR2
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Carbon dioxide emissions from all sources
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[DEFRA Climate Change Programme – reduce C02
emissions to 80% of 1990 levels by 2010]
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Protecting and enhancing Kent’s land air and
water environments;
Ensuring that development does not create unacceptable
levels of pollution and that development that would
be sensitive to pollution is protected from it.
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NR4
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Number of days when air pollution is moderate or high.
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[UK National Air Quality Strategy – Max of 12
days when air pollution for 4 selected pollutants (NO2,
SO2,PM10 and CO2 is moderate or high.]
No development likely to adversely affect improvement
in air quality to be located within or in close proximity
to Air Quality Management Areas.
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NR7, NR8
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River lengths with good or fair quality water.
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Provision of a network of waste water treatment
facilities capable of meeting EU and national water
quality objectives.
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Compliance of coastal waters with EU Bathing Waters
Directive
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[National PSA : 91% of rivers to comply with river
water quality objective by 2005]
[EU Directive - all designated coastal bathing waters
to comply each year with EU standards]
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Protecting high quality agricultural land
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FP8
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Amount of high quality agricultural land (DEFRA Grades
1 and 2) newly committed to built development
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To minimise the loss of best and most versatile
agricultural land to irreversible development.
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Conserving and enhancing Kent's natural habitats and
biodiversity
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E6
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Proportion of SSSIs in a favourable condition
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[SEERA - All SSSIs to be in a favourable condition
by 2010]
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Extent of key habitats (Habitats Survey) in Kent and
Medway
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Maintenance of the proportion of Kent and Medway
covered by natural and semi-natural habitats.
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E9, E10
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Change in woodland cover
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[RPG9 - Increase in woodland area in the South East
outside London from 11% to 15% by 2016.]
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Conserving and enhancing Kent's historic environment
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QL7
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Number of Conservation Area Appraisals that have been
adopted by local authorities
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Year on year increase in proportion of Conservation
Areas covered by adopted Conservation Area Appraisals.
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QL8
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Number of significant archaeological sites adversely
affected by newly committed development
Number of significant archaeological excavations undertaken
in advance of development
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Zero adverso impact on significant archaeological sites
as a result of development.
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Using and managing water and other natural resources
wisely
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SP1, NR7, NR8
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Household water consumption per capita.
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M12
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Extent of strategic mineral resrves safeguarded by
the development plan.
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M1, M2
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Number and capacity of sites provided fro the handling
of secondary and recycled minerals.
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M5, M7, M9, M10
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Extent of landbanks for strategic minerals.
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Adequate landbanks in relation to Structure Plan
policy requirements for construction aggregates, silica,
sand, brickearth and chalk and clay.
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Reducing disposable waste to a minimum and disposing
of it in a way that achieves maximum benefits from recycling
and reduces harmful impacts on the environment
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WM1-7
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Quantity of household waste arisings.
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Secure net self sufficiency within Kent and Medway
in treatment of household waste.
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Movement of waste streams into and out of Kent/Medway.
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Provision of a network of sites and facilities for
waste management sufficient to meet objectives for increased
recycling, diversion from landfill and capable of supporting
waste treatment and disposal capacity for 15 years ahead.
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Proportion of biodegradable municipal waste disposed
of via landfill.
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Proportion of biodegradable municipal waste disposed
of via landfill.
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Scale of waste treatment and disposal capacity.
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[75% of 1995 levels by 2010+
50% of 1995 levels by 2013+
35% of 1995 levels by 2020+]
+ As required by the European Landfill Directive.
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Rate of recycling of household waste.
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[Recycling rates
30% in KCC area by 2005/6
36% in Medway area by 2005/6]
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Increasing economic opportunity and reducing economic
disparities within Kent.
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SS1, FP1, FP3
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Change in total employment by District.
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An increased rate of employment growth in North
Kent, East Kent and Ashford.
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Unemployment by District.
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Reduction in unemployment differentials between
Districts.
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Securing employment led growth and development especially
in North and East Kent which require regeneration.
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SS1, SS2, FP1, FP3
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Net development of employment land and floorspace by
District.
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Increased average annual net gain in the development
of employment land and floorspace in North Kent, East
Kent and Ashford.
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Making the most of the role of Thames Gateway and promoting
Ashford as a regional growth point.
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SS1, SS2, NK1, NK2, NK3, CC3
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Gross rate of development at strategic employment sites.
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Increased rate of take up at the locations of strategic
importance for business, industrial or distribution
uses.
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Pursuing targeted economic development , including
support for high value added activities to boost the
competitiveness of the Kent economy.
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FP3, FP4
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Change in GDP per capita.
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Increased rate of economic growth relative to other
South East counties.
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Proportion of employees in the knowledge based industries.
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Increased proportion of employment in knowledge
based industries.
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Regenerating and revitalising Kent’s major/principal
urban areas.
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SS3, HP4, FP2
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Proportion of housing and business development permitted
within (a) major or principal urban areas (b) within
rural service centres (c) within other rural settlement
(d) elsewhere.
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To optimise the proportion of housing and commercial
development located within the major/principal urban
areas consistent with the application of a sequential
approach and the maintenance of a balanced portfolio
of residential and commercial development opportunities.
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Concentrating development at the major/principal urban
areas that are the major focal points for employment
, public services and transport facilities.
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Proportion of new or replacement land for business
provided at the major/principal urban areas.
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Ensuring that decisions on development and transport
make it easy for people to reach local services and
jobs
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FP14. TP2
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Proportion of new retail floorspace and built leisure
development located at the strategic network of town
and district centres.
Number of travel plans prepared and secured in conjunction
with major developments.
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To maximise the proportion of new retail floorspace
and built leisure development accommodated at the strategic
network of town and district centres.
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Balancing the provision of homes, jobs, infrastructure
and community services.
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SS2
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Insisting on high quality design that uses land, water,
energy and other resources more efficiently.
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SP1, QL1, QL5
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Provision of Development Briefs for major development
sites including the Structure Plan’s Strategic
Development Locations.
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All major sites to have Development and Design Briefs
prior to submission of planning applications.
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Promoting more mixed use development.
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QL6
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Providing attractive communities which are safe secure
and convenient places for people in which to live and
work and which encourage a sense of place and local
distinctiveness.
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QL1, QL2, QL6, QL12, QL13, IMP1
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Progress with development of open space strategies
for major/principal urban areas.
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All major/principal urban areas to have adopted
open space strategies by 2006.
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Promoting and investing in efficient transport and
making best use of existing road and rail infrastructure.
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TP3, TP4, TP7, TP8
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Evaluation of strategic transport schemes against assessment
criteria (Policy TP1) and progress with their implementation.
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Secure phased implementation of strategic transport
schemes identified by the Structure Plan by 2021 in
accordance with 5 year rolling programme of LTPs.
Secure reduced rail journey times between major
centres in Kent and London by 2008.
[KCC – Local Transport Plan.
6% increase in modal share for cycle journeys 2002-2010
in selected urban centres.
Achieve growth in bus patronage on Kent’s bus
network of at least 2% per annum from 2002.
With progressive implementation of 'Fastrack' increase
the share of peak work trips within Kent Thames-side
made by public transport to 21% by 2006 and 30% by 2011(16%
in 2000).]
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Providing sufficient housing of a suitable range ,
quality and diversity for the people of Kent and Medway
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HP1
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Annual rate of net completions by District.
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Cumulative average rate for Kent/ Medway to accord
with Policy HP1 and Table HP1.
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Annual rate of net completions supported by housing
supply and urban capacity for the phasing periods of
the Structure Plan i.e. to 2006, 2011,2016 and 2021.
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Annual rate sufficient to meet at least a 10-year
supply as derived from Policy HP1.
[RPG9 – guidance on overall housing provision
in Kent and Medway (5,700 dwellings per annum 2001-2006)]
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HP7
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Cumulative composition of housing provision from 2001
in relation to size profile and affordability.
Contribution to housing completions from sheltered
and extra care housing.
Contribution to housing completions from social rented
and intermediate forms of affordable housing including
shared equity and key worker schemes.
Thresholds and site specific targets for affordable
housing adopted within local plans /LDDs.
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Baseline target of at least 30% of affordable supply
across Kent and Medway as a whole*
*Subject to formulation of District based targets
that draw upon detailed local needs assessments and
indicate the respective contributions envisaged for
the different elements of affordable housing need.
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